![]() ![]() Grafting plants onto resistant rootstocks is a quick method that may enable the susceptible scion to control soilborne diseases and increase yield ( Lee, 1994 Lee and Oda, 2003 Oda, 1995). ( Lhotsky et al., 1991 Trionfetti Nisini et al., 1999, 2000), but they are incompatible with the cultivated melon. High levels of resistance have been found in different genotypes of Cucurbitaceae spp. bryoniae are available in both cases, only sources of partially effective quantitative resistances have been until now reported ( Frantz and Jahn, 2004 Perchepied and Pitrat, 2004 Perchepied et al., 2005). ![]() However, no commercial hybrids completely resistant to the race 1,2 of FOM and to D. Disease-resistant cultivars were developed to limit damages incited by soilborne fungi ( McCreight et al., 1993). Solarization has been used with good results against soilborne diseases of melon ( Katan et al., 1976 Tjamos and Makrinakis, 1990), but it is not widespread because when the temperature is high enough for the application of this method, melon cultivation in the greenhouse is already in progress. Crop rotation appears to be ineffective because the chlamydospores of FOM are able to survive for many years in the soil ( Armstrong and Armstrong, 1978). Alternatives to MB for soil fumigation are represented by use of other chemicals (e.g., metham sodium, formalin, chloropicrin, and so on), crop rotation, solarization, and use of resistant cultivars. For these reasons, 168 countries, including Italy, have agreed to gradually reduce the use of MB. However, MB has a number of disadvantages: 1) it is considered toxic to humans and animals during its application and dissipation periods ( Ristaino and Thomas, 1997) 2) it is detected in groundwater ( Wheeler and Kawar, 1997) 3) it is dissipated in the air, thus reducing the ozone layer ( Montzaka et al., 1996) and increases skin cancer in humans ( Diffey, 2004). Although not a soilborne pathogen, this last fungus causes crown rot at or near the soil level, and inoculum potential represented by plant-infected remains can represent a serious danger for the future cultivations of Cucurbitaceae ( Davì et al., 1988). melonis ( FOM) and Didymella bryoniae (causal agent of gummy stem blight). This is attributable to the continuous cropping and, consequently, to the increasing soil contamination by pests and pathogens as Fusarium oxysporum f. In the last 30 years, melon cultivation in the greenhouse has become increasingly dependent on methyl bromide (MB) fumigation. In Italy, 26,615 ha are annually cultivated ( ISTAT, 2005) with 23,157 ha (87%) in open-field and 3458 ha (13%) under protected cultivation (greenhouses, plastic houses, and tunnels). Melon ( Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crops in the Mediterranean region. Fruit dry matter, titratable acidity, total soluble solid contents, fruit firmness, and Hunter color of grafted melons were similar to those of the plants grown on their own roots. melo rootstocks (‘Belimo’, ‘Energia’, ‘Griffin’, ‘ES liscio’) and the control Incas. The Cucurbita rootstock ‘RS 841’ produced yields higher than C. In both years, the highest yield was recorded in the graft combination Incas/‘RS 841’ with 5.6 and 8.1 kg bryoniae (almost absent crown lesions and low leaf disease index) this reaction clearly differed from that of both the C. Cucurbita rootstocks (‘RS 841’, ‘P 360’, ‘ES 99-13’, ‘Elsi’) were highly resistant both to the race 1,2 of FOM (100% survival) and to D. During 20 growing seasons, the inodorus F 1 hybrid Incas was grafted onto each of these commercial rootstocks and then evaluated, under greenhouse conditions, in terms of productivity and fruit quality. We determined the effectiveness of eight commercial rootstocks, ‘RS 841’, ‘P 360’, ‘ES 99-13’, ‘Elsi’ ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), and ‘Belimo’, ‘Energia’, ‘Griffin’, ‘ES liscio’ ( Cucumis melo genotypes), for their resistance to FOM and D. The lack of effective resistant commercial hybrids and the gradual reduced use of soil fumigation with methyl bromide increase the risk of damages by both these pathogens. bryoniae survives on plant remains in the soil. ![]() Although not considered a soilborne pathogen, D. melonis ( FOM) and Didymella bryoniae in melon ( Cucumis melo L.). Grafting represents an effective tool for controlling the race 1,2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. ![]()
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